Discuss the advantages of using object-oriented (O-O) techniques in complicated systems that require continuous maintenance, adaptation, and design. Provide examples to support your argument.

• Answer

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Explain the significance of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) as an industry standard for modeling object-oriented systems. Discuss its key features and how it contributes to effective system design and communication within a development team.

• UML provides a standardized notation and set of diagrams that allow software developers, architects, and stakeholders to communicate and understand system designs effectively.
• Features
  • It offers a wide range of diagrams, such as class diagrams, sequence diagrams, activity diagrams, and use case diagrams, each serving a specific purpose in system modeling.
  • It ensures that developers across different organizations or projects can easily understand and collaborate on system designs.
  • UML diagrams provide a visual representation of the system, making it easier to communicate complex ideas and concepts.
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Explain what is meant by O-O analysis and outline it's goals.

• Object-oriented (OO) analysis is a phase in the software development process that focuses on understanding and defining the requirements and functionalities of a system from an object-oriented perspective.
• Goals :
  • Understanding System Requirements
  • Identifying Objects and their Characteristics
  • Creating a Conceptual Model
  • Validating the Analysis Model
  • Facilitating Design and Implementation
  • Enhancing System Understanding and Communication
  • Promoting Reusability and Maintainability
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Explain the significance of CRC (Class, Responsibilities, and Collaborators) cards in object-oriented analysis and design, and discuss how they are used to represent the responsibilities of classes and the interaction between classes.

• The primary purpose of CRC cards is to document the essential aspects of classes in an object-oriented system. Each card represents a class and contains information about its responsibilities and collaborations with other classes. The responsibilities of a class refer to the tasks or behaviors it is responsible for performing, while collaborators are other classes that interact with the class under consideration.
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